The Oreshnik missile, unveiled by Russia in late 2024, is described as an intermediate-range ballistic missile designed to strengthen Russia’s strategic posture, though it does not represent a major technological breakthrough.

Derived from earlier programs such as the RS-26 Rubezh, it appears to be based on the adaptation of existing technologies, with announced terminal maneuvering capabilities and the ability to carry conventional or nuclear warheads.

Beyond its actual performance, the Oreshnik is primarily intended as a deterrent and a political signal, with Moscow exploiting the end of the INF Treaty to reaffirm its strike capability and maintain strategic ambiguity toward Europe and the Middle East.

 The Oreshnik missile, known in Russian as Orechnik (“hazel tree”), is a ballistic missile whose existence was made public by Russia in late 2024. From the moment it was unveiled, Oreshnik was described by Russian authorities as a weapon capable of altering the regional—and even continental—strategic balance.

According to information released by Moscow, the missile is the result of an accelerated development effort based on earlier ballistic programs. Several analysts believe it is a continuation of projects such as the RS-26 Rubezh, an intermediate-range missile whose development had been suspended before being quietly redirected. This connection suggests that, rather than a technological breakthrough, the Oreshnik is an adaptation of existing technologies, modernized to meet new strategic and doctrinal needs.

 To date, many questions remain unanswered regarding this missile, but it seems reasonable to assume that it is a direct derivative of the RS-26, a “shortened” version of the RS-24 intercontinental ballistic missile.

Is it simply an RS-26 equipped with conventional warheads? An adaptation of the existing model? Or a new development based on the RS-26? These questions remain unanswered. However, it seems unlikely that Russia designed this missile from scratch, especially since it already had a missile with characteristics close to what was required.

Officially classified as an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) due to its maximum range exceeding 5,500 km, the RS-26 nevertheless appears to belong more to the category of intermediate-range missiles. However, this category was prohibited for Russia under the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. This treaty, which was withdrawn from by the U.S. and Russia in February 2019, is no longer in force, thus allowing Russia to explore new strategic options. Furthermore, it is important to note that a missile designed for intercontinental ranges can certainly be used over much shorter distances, thereby adapting its use to the operational needs of the moment.

 Read more: June 1, 2026